1. Which is not true of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
2. Which maneuver generally is not performed early before chest compression in basic life support outside the hospital?
3. Which treatment would be least effective for a systole?
4. The most important factor that influences the outcome of penetrating cardiac injuries is:
5. The most useful incision in the operating room for patients with penetrating cardiac injury is:
6. In patients who present with a penetrating chest injury, injury to the heart is most likely when the following physical sign(s) is/are present:
7. Which of the following would be an acceptable method of repair for a neonate with symptomatic isolated coarctation of the aorta?
8. Which of the following constitutes a true vascular ring?
9. Which of the following may be physical examination findings in a young adult with coarctation of the aorta?
10. In a premature infant with hyaline membrane disease and inability to be weaned from mechanical ventilation, which of the following would suggest hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
11. In an infant with suspected PDA, which of the following would be the optimal method of confirming the agnosis?
12. Which of the following are potential complications of untreated coarctation of the aorta?
13. The atrial septal defect (ASD) most commonly associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is:
14. The direction of an intracardiac shunt at the atrial level is controlled by:
15. The ASD most commonly associated with mitral insufficiency is:
16. An electrocardiogram (ECG) in a patient with a systolic ejection murmur that shows an incomplete bundle branch block in the precordial lead is most consistent with:
17. ASDs can all be closed with a pericardial or prosthetic patch. Which of the following ASDs can also be safely closed primarily without the use of a patch?
18. Obstruction to pulmonary venous return is associated with which of the following anomalies?
19. Postoperative complications associated with repair of TAPVC include:
20. Which of the following statements about VSDs is/are correct?
21. Which of the following statements about VSDs is/are true?
22. Which of the following statements about VSD is/are correct?
23. Which of the following statements about VSDs is/are correct?
24. Which of the following is/are true of the surgical treatment of VSDs?
25. Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following features except:
26. Which of the following has the greatest impact on the physiology of tetralogy of Fallot?
27. Which of the following anomalies is not associated with tetralogy of Fallot?
28. Surgical treatment of a patient with tetralogy of Fallot can include any of the following except:
29. The predominant determinant of outcome for patients with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum revolves around:
30. Which of the following statements about double-outlet right ventricle are true?
31. Which of the following statements about the surgical repair of double-outlet right ventricle are true?
32. Management of a patient with tricuspid atresia within the first month of life may include:
33. Which of the following should contraindicate performance of the Fontan procedure?
34. Initial management of a newborn infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome should include:
35. The performance of a bidirectional superior cavopulmonary (Glenn) anastomosis as the second stage in the reconstructive approach to hypoplastic left heart syndrome:
36. Which of the following statements about truncus arteriosus are true?
37. Truncus arteriosus is a diagnosis with anatomic components including:
38. Optimal treatment for the neonate who presents with transposition of the great arteries {S,D,D}* and intact ventricular septum includes:
39. Factors that preclude the use of a single-stage arterial switch reconstruction of dextrotransposition of the great vessels include:
40. Complications commonly associated with the atrial (Senning and Mustard) repairs of transposition of the great arteries include:
41. Critical aortic stenosis in the neonate is characterized by which of the following?
42. Surgical management of aortic valve disease in an older child may include:
43. Which of the following statements about subvalvular aortic stenosis are true?
44. Management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy may include:
45. Which of the following statements about supravalvular aortic stenosis are true?
46. Each year the approximate number of Americans who die from complications of coronary artery disease is:
47. Which of the following arteries is most likely to be involved with serious atherosclerosis?
48. Which of the following statements about collaterals in the normal coronary circulation is true?
49. If blood entering the normal arterial circulation of the heart is 100% saturated with oxygen, oxygen saturation of blood in the coronary sinus can be expected to be approximately:
50. The damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass are, to a large degree, due to activation of the humoral amplification system. The humoral amplification system includes which of the following?
51. The following patients are best treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG):
52. Sternal wound infections that spread to the mediastinum are associated with a mortality rate of:
53. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurs following coronary bypass procedures in approximately:
54. Following acute myocardial infarction, ventricular septal defects occur in:
55. Which of the following clinical characteristics is/are associated with a higher mortality after emergency CABG for failed PTCA?
56. Which statement(s) about operative mortality and perioperative incidence of myocardial infarction for elective CABG (X) versus emergency CABG following failed PTCA (Y) is/are accurate?
57. Which of the following statements about patients treated by placement of an internal mammary artery (IMA) bypass graft at primary CABG is/are correct?
58. Considering the results of coronary reoperation in comparison to primary CABG, choose the incorrect statement:
59. Which statements are correct comparisons of gated equilibrium and initial-transit radionuclide measurements of left ventricular function?
60. The radionuclide variable that contains the greatest amount of prognostic information in patients with coronary artery disease is:
61. Which of the following statements about left ventricular aneurysm is/are correct?
62. Which of the following factors does/do not increase early mortality associated with repair of left ventricular aneurysm?
63. The most effective medical therapy in ameliorating the symptoms of Kawasaki's disease and preventing the development of giant coronary artery aneurysms is administration of:
64. Indications for surgical intervention in Kawasaki's disease include which of the following?
65. Which of the following statements about the pathophysiology of Ebstein's anomaly is/are true?
66. In the surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly, which of the following is/are true?
67. Which of the following congenital lesions of the coronary circulation causes a cardiac murmur that is similar to the murmur produced by a PDA?
68. The congenital coronary lesion most likely to cause death in infancy is:
69. The congenital coronary lesion associated with minimal or absent clinical manifestations and nearly normal life expectancy is:
70. Which of the following is/are indications for aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis?
71. Under which of the following circumstances is medical management logical?
72. Which of the following may be indications for operation for mitral stenosis?
73. Which of the following is/are not true?
74. Which of the following generally are not symptoms of tricuspid valve disease?
75. Which of the following are relative indications for mitral valve replacement, as opposed to mitral valve repair?
76. Which of the following are not true?
77. Which of the following are relative indications for mechanical, as opposed to tissue, valve replacement?
78. Concerning cellular metabolism, the following is/are true?
79. Which of the following are not generally associated with mitral stenosis without regurgitation?
80. The most common location of accessory pathways in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is the:
81. The anatomic electrophysiologic basis of AV node re-entry tachycardia is dual AV node conduction pathways. AV node re-entry tachycardia is most likely to occur with which of the following electrophysiologic aberrations?
82. Match the four surgical procedures that have been developed for the treatment of atrial fibrillation with the major detrimental sequela(e) of atrial fibrillation that each corrects.
83. All of the following statements about nonischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias are true except:
84. Which of the following treatment plans is appropriate for a 68-year-old patient with moderate to severe congestive heart failure following a major abdominal surgical procedure?
85. Which anticoagulation treatment plan(s) is/are appropriate for a 72-year-old man with a mechanical heart valve in place who takes Coumadin (warfarin) and now requires elective left colon resection?
86. Disadvantages of temporary pacing through skin electrodes applied to the anterior chest wall include all of the following except:
87. In adults the most common cause of acquired complete heart block is:
88. The most common indication for permanent pacing is:
89. Decreasing pacemaker electrode tip size results in:
90. At the time of ventricular pacemaker implantation, lead resistance is determined at a voltage near that of the pacemaker's output. The calculated resistance at 5 volts should range from:
91. A ventricular inhibited-demand pacemaker using the Intersociety Commission for Heart Disease Resources (ICHD) code is designated as:
92. In rate-modulated pacing, the pacing rate is determined by a physiologic parameter other than atrial rate and is measured by a special sensor in the pacemaker or pacing lead. The most commonly used physiologic parameter in Rate-modulated pacemakers is:
93. The most common pacing mode used in patients with symptomatic bradycardia and an underlying sinus rhythm is:
94. A transvenous pacemaker generator pocket should be placed on the patient's non dominant side over the:
95. Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia is caused by:
96. Which cardiovascular pharmacological agents are safe to use during routine abdominal surgery in a 75-year-old woman with documented hypertension and mild coronary artery disease?
97. Which inotropic drugs are safe for use in elderly patients with mild congestive heart failure in the postoperative period?
98. Which of the following is/are appropriate candidates for exercise testing?
99. Which of the following is/are true regarding Doppler assessment?
100. Which of the following is/are true with respect to hypertension?
2. Which maneuver generally is not performed early before chest compression in basic life support outside the hospital?
3. Which treatment would be least effective for a systole?
4. The most important factor that influences the outcome of penetrating cardiac injuries is:
5. The most useful incision in the operating room for patients with penetrating cardiac injury is:
6. In patients who present with a penetrating chest injury, injury to the heart is most likely when the following physical sign(s) is/are present:
7. Which of the following would be an acceptable method of repair for a neonate with symptomatic isolated coarctation of the aorta?
8. Which of the following constitutes a true vascular ring?
9. Which of the following may be physical examination findings in a young adult with coarctation of the aorta?
10. In a premature infant with hyaline membrane disease and inability to be weaned from mechanical ventilation, which of the following would suggest hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
11. In an infant with suspected PDA, which of the following would be the optimal method of confirming the agnosis?
12. Which of the following are potential complications of untreated coarctation of the aorta?
13. The atrial septal defect (ASD) most commonly associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) is:
14. The direction of an intracardiac shunt at the atrial level is controlled by:
15. The ASD most commonly associated with mitral insufficiency is:
16. An electrocardiogram (ECG) in a patient with a systolic ejection murmur that shows an incomplete bundle branch block in the precordial lead is most consistent with:
17. ASDs can all be closed with a pericardial or prosthetic patch. Which of the following ASDs can also be safely closed primarily without the use of a patch?
18. Obstruction to pulmonary venous return is associated with which of the following anomalies?
19. Postoperative complications associated with repair of TAPVC include:
20. Which of the following statements about VSDs is/are correct?
21. Which of the following statements about VSDs is/are true?
22. Which of the following statements about VSD is/are correct?
23. Which of the following statements about VSDs is/are correct?
24. Which of the following is/are true of the surgical treatment of VSDs?
25. Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following features except:
26. Which of the following has the greatest impact on the physiology of tetralogy of Fallot?
27. Which of the following anomalies is not associated with tetralogy of Fallot?
28. Surgical treatment of a patient with tetralogy of Fallot can include any of the following except:
29. The predominant determinant of outcome for patients with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum revolves around:
30. Which of the following statements about double-outlet right ventricle are true?
31. Which of the following statements about the surgical repair of double-outlet right ventricle are true?
32. Management of a patient with tricuspid atresia within the first month of life may include:
33. Which of the following should contraindicate performance of the Fontan procedure?
34. Initial management of a newborn infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome should include:
35. The performance of a bidirectional superior cavopulmonary (Glenn) anastomosis as the second stage in the reconstructive approach to hypoplastic left heart syndrome:
36. Which of the following statements about truncus arteriosus are true?
37. Truncus arteriosus is a diagnosis with anatomic components including:
38. Optimal treatment for the neonate who presents with transposition of the great arteries {S,D,D}* and intact ventricular septum includes:
39. Factors that preclude the use of a single-stage arterial switch reconstruction of dextrotransposition of the great vessels include:
40. Complications commonly associated with the atrial (Senning and Mustard) repairs of transposition of the great arteries include:
41. Critical aortic stenosis in the neonate is characterized by which of the following?
42. Surgical management of aortic valve disease in an older child may include:
43. Which of the following statements about subvalvular aortic stenosis are true?
44. Management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy may include:
45. Which of the following statements about supravalvular aortic stenosis are true?
46. Each year the approximate number of Americans who die from complications of coronary artery disease is:
47. Which of the following arteries is most likely to be involved with serious atherosclerosis?
48. Which of the following statements about collaterals in the normal coronary circulation is true?
49. If blood entering the normal arterial circulation of the heart is 100% saturated with oxygen, oxygen saturation of blood in the coronary sinus can be expected to be approximately:
50. The damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass are, to a large degree, due to activation of the humoral amplification system. The humoral amplification system includes which of the following?
51. The following patients are best treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG):
52. Sternal wound infections that spread to the mediastinum are associated with a mortality rate of:
53. Perioperative myocardial infarction occurs following coronary bypass procedures in approximately:
54. Following acute myocardial infarction, ventricular septal defects occur in:
55. Which of the following clinical characteristics is/are associated with a higher mortality after emergency CABG for failed PTCA?
56. Which statement(s) about operative mortality and perioperative incidence of myocardial infarction for elective CABG (X) versus emergency CABG following failed PTCA (Y) is/are accurate?
57. Which of the following statements about patients treated by placement of an internal mammary artery (IMA) bypass graft at primary CABG is/are correct?
58. Considering the results of coronary reoperation in comparison to primary CABG, choose the incorrect statement:
59. Which statements are correct comparisons of gated equilibrium and initial-transit radionuclide measurements of left ventricular function?
60. The radionuclide variable that contains the greatest amount of prognostic information in patients with coronary artery disease is:
61. Which of the following statements about left ventricular aneurysm is/are correct?
62. Which of the following factors does/do not increase early mortality associated with repair of left ventricular aneurysm?
63. The most effective medical therapy in ameliorating the symptoms of Kawasaki's disease and preventing the development of giant coronary artery aneurysms is administration of:
64. Indications for surgical intervention in Kawasaki's disease include which of the following?
65. Which of the following statements about the pathophysiology of Ebstein's anomaly is/are true?
66. In the surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly, which of the following is/are true?
67. Which of the following congenital lesions of the coronary circulation causes a cardiac murmur that is similar to the murmur produced by a PDA?
68. The congenital coronary lesion most likely to cause death in infancy is:
69. The congenital coronary lesion associated with minimal or absent clinical manifestations and nearly normal life expectancy is:
70. Which of the following is/are indications for aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis?
71. Under which of the following circumstances is medical management logical?
72. Which of the following may be indications for operation for mitral stenosis?
73. Which of the following is/are not true?
74. Which of the following generally are not symptoms of tricuspid valve disease?
75. Which of the following are relative indications for mitral valve replacement, as opposed to mitral valve repair?
76. Which of the following are not true?
77. Which of the following are relative indications for mechanical, as opposed to tissue, valve replacement?
78. Concerning cellular metabolism, the following is/are true?
79. Which of the following are not generally associated with mitral stenosis without regurgitation?
80. The most common location of accessory pathways in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is the:
81. The anatomic electrophysiologic basis of AV node re-entry tachycardia is dual AV node conduction pathways. AV node re-entry tachycardia is most likely to occur with which of the following electrophysiologic aberrations?
82. Match the four surgical procedures that have been developed for the treatment of atrial fibrillation with the major detrimental sequela(e) of atrial fibrillation that each corrects.
83. All of the following statements about nonischemic ventricular tachyarrhythmias are true except:
84. Which of the following treatment plans is appropriate for a 68-year-old patient with moderate to severe congestive heart failure following a major abdominal surgical procedure?
85. Which anticoagulation treatment plan(s) is/are appropriate for a 72-year-old man with a mechanical heart valve in place who takes Coumadin (warfarin) and now requires elective left colon resection?
86. Disadvantages of temporary pacing through skin electrodes applied to the anterior chest wall include all of the following except:
87. In adults the most common cause of acquired complete heart block is:
88. The most common indication for permanent pacing is:
89. Decreasing pacemaker electrode tip size results in:
90. At the time of ventricular pacemaker implantation, lead resistance is determined at a voltage near that of the pacemaker's output. The calculated resistance at 5 volts should range from:
91. A ventricular inhibited-demand pacemaker using the Intersociety Commission for Heart Disease Resources (ICHD) code is designated as:
92. In rate-modulated pacing, the pacing rate is determined by a physiologic parameter other than atrial rate and is measured by a special sensor in the pacemaker or pacing lead. The most commonly used physiologic parameter in Rate-modulated pacemakers is:
93. The most common pacing mode used in patients with symptomatic bradycardia and an underlying sinus rhythm is:
94. A transvenous pacemaker generator pocket should be placed on the patient's non dominant side over the:
95. Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia is caused by:
96. Which cardiovascular pharmacological agents are safe to use during routine abdominal surgery in a 75-year-old woman with documented hypertension and mild coronary artery disease?
97. Which inotropic drugs are safe for use in elderly patients with mild congestive heart failure in the postoperative period?
98. Which of the following is/are appropriate candidates for exercise testing?
99. Which of the following is/are true regarding Doppler assessment?
100. Which of the following is/are true with respect to hypertension?
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